Russian crude, sanctions enforcement, the price cap, and the very different narratives Western and Russian outlets carry about the same flow data.
Russia's energy exports under sanctions have generated one of the most contested data wars of recent years. Western coverage emphasises sanctions effectiveness, price-cap enforcement, and the squeeze on Russian finances. Russian coverage frames the same data as evidence that Western sanctions are failing and that India, China and the Gulf are absorbing redirected supply.
NarrativeRadar tracks Urals discounts, shadow-fleet activity, refinery flows, and EU energy moves. The hub surfaces where the actual numbers are contested, where the numbers are agreed but read differently, and where Western and Russian sources simply don't address each other's points.